Rendering
HTML and CSS that survive real-world email clients.
3 topics in this category.
About this category
This section collects production-verified specifications, implementation standards, and operational guidelines for rendering. Each specification provides clear compliance levels (Required, Recommended, Optional, or Avoid) alongside concrete testing methods and platform considerations.
Topics
Cross-Client HTML Table Layout Architecture
RecommendedConstruct bulletproof HTML email scaffolds using presentation tables, role="presentation" ARIA semantics, 600px max-width containers, and Microsoft Outlook ghost tables.
CSS Inlining & Cross-Client Style Compatibility
RecommendedInline critical CSS rules directly onto HTML elements to survive webmail style-stripping while leveraging embedded style blocks for media queries and dark mode.
Responsive Email Layout & Fluid-Hybrid Design
RecommendedDesign responsive email templates using fluid-hybrid layouts, mobile-first breakpoints, single-column column stacking, and 44x44px touch targets.